Rung Five
Supplements
May lower risk

Multivitamins

a daily multivitamin. Vitamins & minerals.

During treatment: In a breast cancer chemotherapy study, multivitamins weren't linked to worse outcomes, unlike single high-dose antioxidants. Tell your care team what you take.
Verdict
May lower riskSome studies point to lower risk, but it isn't confirmed.
How sure
Rung 2 · LimitedFew, small or conflicting human studies, or only indirect measures such as blood markers.
How big
8% fewer cancers over about 11 years in the Physicians' Health Study II.

The rung shows how sure the science is, not how big the effect is. How to read these ratings

Cancers affected

All cancers combined

What the evidence shows

In the Physicians' Health Study II (14,641 male doctors, about 11 years), a daily multivitamin meant 8% fewer cancers; the 12% drop in cancer deaths wasn't statistically significant. The COSMOS trial (more than 21,000 people, about 3.6 years) found no effect on cancer, though it may have been too short.

What to do

Fine to take a standard multivitamin, but it isn't a reason to skip screening or a healthy diet.

Sources

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Related

Every supplement we rated, or follow one cancer step by step: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer.