May lower risk
Vitamin C-rich produce
peppers, kiwi, oranges, strawberries. Vegetables & fruit.
- Verdict
- May lower riskSome studies point to lower risk, but it isn't confirmed.
- How sure
- Rung 2 · LimitedFew, small or conflicting human studies, or only indirect measures such as blood markers.
The rung shows how sure the science is, not how big the effect is. How to read these ratings
Cancers affected
Lung in smokers, colon
What the evidence shows
Foods containing vitamin C show limited but suggestive evidence of lower risk of these cancers.
What to do
Eat it as food. Smokers gain far more from quitting.
Sources
To take it to your doctor, print this page.
Step by step
For the whole picture, from prevention and screening to treatment and life after, see the colorectal cancer and lung cancer pages.